Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; Heisenberg principle; indeterminancy; indeterminancy principle. The exact momentum and exact location of a particle cannot be specified. Werner Heisenberg stated that the product of uncertainties in location and momentum measurements can never be smaller than h/4, where h is Planck's constant.
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==Examples== ===Quantum harmonic oscillator stationary states=== In particular, the above Kennard bound is saturated for the ground state {math|n{{=}0}}, for which the probability density is just the normal distribution. ===Coherent states=== Here we note that δx δp/h is a typical infinitesimal phase space volume used in the calculation of a par...
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This states that both the position and momentum of a particle cannot be accurately determined at the same time, due to the fundamental waviform character of matter.
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statement, articulated (1927) by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg, that the position and the velocity of an object cannot both be measured ... [11 related articles]
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An important rule in quantum mechanics, first stated by Werner Heisenberg (and hence also known as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle), which indicates the limit to the precision with which certain pairs of quantities connected with a particle, notably position and momentum, and time and energy, c...
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In the world of quantum mechanics, there is an intrinsic uncertainty in studying the position and the momentum of a particle at the same time. This means studying physics at small distances, where an accurate determination of the position is needed, requires high momentum and hence high energy.
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The quantum principle, first formulated by Heisenberg, that states that is is not possible to know exactly both the position x and the momentum p of an object at the same time. The same is true with energy and time (see virtual particle).
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One essential difference between quantum mechanics (QM) and classical physics is that systems simply do not have values for all observable quantities simultaneously. Observation can affect the system, and a system prepared or observed to be in a certain state w.r.t. one quantity may not be the same system as one prepared or observed to be in a certain state w.r.t. another quantity. Certain complementary pairs of quantities exist: time & energy, position & momentum, angle & angular momentum, etc. (the product of whose dimensionality is always kg m²/s) that have a lower bound to the product of the standard deviations of measurements on such a pair, of the order of ~ 1.0 10-34 Js, below which there is no information held in the system. From our macroscopic point of view, this appears as uncertainty.
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[
n] - the theory that it is impossible to measure both energy and time (or position and momentum) completely accurately at the same time
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indeterminacy principle noun (quantum theory) the theory that it is impossible to measure both energy and time (or position and momentum) completely accurately at the same time
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A principle of quantum mechanics (q.v.), according to which complete quantitative measurement of certain states and processes in terms of the usual space-time coordinates is impossible. Macroscopically negligible, the effect becomes of importance on the electronic scale. In particular, if simultaneous measurements of the position and the momentum ....
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In quantum mechanics, the principle that it is impossible to know with unlimited accuracy the position and momentum of a particle. The principle arises because in order to locate a particle exactly, an observer must bounce light (in the form of a photon) off the particle, which must alter its position in an unpredictable way. It was established by ...
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the principle of quantum mechanics, formulated by Heisenberg, that the accurate measurement of one of two related, observable quantities, as position and momentum or energy and time, produces uncertainties in the measurement of the other, such that the product of the uncertainties of both quantities is equal to or greater than h/2&pgr;, where h ......
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